Abstract: In response to force application, biological reactions occur in the periodontal ligament that causes the orthodontic tooth movement. Differential expression of genes such as ALPL, FGF7, ...
Structural Engineering with Architecture is concerned with the planning, design, construction, sustainability, management, energy use, aesthetics and rehabilitation of the built environment. Fields of ...
Environmental & Civil Engineering at Queen’s concerns the planning, design, sustainability and management of our society’s infrastructure. It is a broad discipline taught by staff engaged in high ...