Sparse representation has been widely used in bearing fault impact detection, which can find the impact that best matches the fault waveform from the pre-defined dictionary and recover the fault ...

All mainstream credit card numbers obey a mathematical trick designed to catch the most common typos. It’s called the Luhn algorithm, named after IBM researcher Hans Peter Luhn, who patented it ...

Online map matching (MM) aligns real-time GPS trajectories with digital road networks, playing a vital role in vehicle navigation, route planning, and traffic analysis. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are ...