Chemists solve century-old mechanistic puzzle of copper catalyst

The Ullmann reaction is one of the oldest reactions in organometallic chemistry. It is one of the most widely used ...

Topology reveals the hidden rules of amorphous materials: Softness arises from hierarchical structures

Why do glass and other amorphous materials deform more easily in some regions than in others? A research team from the University of Osaka, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and ...
IEEE

Robust Widely linear complex-valued combined step-size algorithm for beamforming

Abstract: In non-circular signals, the drawback of the fixed step-size of the widely linear complex-valued least mean square (WL-CNLMS) algorithm results in the algorithm being suboptimal. To address ...
GitHub

Train multi-step agents for real-world tasks using GRPO.

RULER (Relative Universal LLM-Elicited Rewards) eliminates the need for hand-crafted reward functions by using an LLM-as-judge to automatically score agent trajectories. Simply define your task in the ...