Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest sci-tech news updates. Theoretical physicists develop mathematical models to describe material systems, which they can then use to make predictions about how ...

A dimensionless Hamiltonian of an N-spin Ising model without an external magnetic field (Fig. 1a) is given by Figure 1: Ising model and set-up for generating artificial Ising spins based on DOPOs.

This is the last in a series of three papers on the history of the Lenz-Ising model from 1920 to the early 1970s. In the first paper, I studied the invention of the model in the 1920s, while in the ...

This is the second in a series of three papers that charts the history of the Lenz-Ising model (commonly called just the Ising model in the physics literature) in considerable detail, from its ...