The relative frequency definition of probability says: If an experiment is repeated, the probability of an event (a specified outcome of the experiment) is the relative frequency of occurrence of that ...

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, ...

White dwarfs are the compact remnants of stars that have stopped nuclear burning, a fate that will eventually befall our sun.

Discover how the volatility surface models implied volatility in options, highlighting market discrepancies. Understand its ...

Abstract: This paper proposes a variable-length Differential Evolution for Association Rule Mining. The proposed algorithm includes a novel representation of individuals, which can encode both ...