Earlier this year, Google began offering much more detailed answers in the top Knowledge Graph box. Shortly after that was introduced, Google also began expanding those answers into a bulleted list ...

We describe how ordinary interpretations of causal models and causal graphs fail to capture important distinctions among ignorable allocation mechanisms for subject selection or allocation. We ...

Twenty-first century manufacturers post-COVID-19 have been facing significant challenges across their functions in supply chain, risk, operations, and customer experience. Threats by new (often more ...

We present results that allow the researcher in certain cases to determine the direction of the bias that arises when control for confounding is inadequate. The results are given within the context of ...