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Abstract: Reliable pantograph-catenary (P-C) contact is fundamental to locomotive operational stability. P-C arcing (P-C arc) discharges are induced by deteriorated contact conditions; thus, real-time ...

Abstract: In this article, we present a recursive least squares (RLS) and adaptive Kalman filter (AKF)-based state and parameter estimation (SE and PE) for series arc fault (SAF) detection and ...