NASA's Perseverance rover has found minerals that could have powered life on Mars — or simply shaped the Red Planet's environment in fascinating ways.

Researchers from the Freunberger group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) have unveiled pivotal insights into the redox chemistry of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Electrons flow underground in ways far more extensive than once believed, forming networks that link distant chemical zones. Minerals, organic molecules, and specialized bacteria can act as bridges, ...

Follow this 5-month study plan with month-wise goals, revision tips, and practice strategies to complete the syllabus and score top marks.

A biosignature is any characteristic, element, molecule, substance or feature that serves as evidence for past or present life. It must be something that cannot be produced without life. Some examples ...