Abstract: This paper proposes two level authentication for an image communication through world wide web. The algorithm presented here mainly consist of techniques combined with symmetric key ...

Research led by a physicist at the University of California, Riverside, shows how viruses form protective shells (capsids) around their genomes, a process that—while messy and complex—consistently ...

Abstract: Quantum computing is generally considered non-threatening to symmetric ciphers. Quantum attacks on symmetric ciphers require a thorough analysis of their internal structures, posing ...

This is where we design the systems, the "making ciphers" part. It’s about creating methods to scramble information so it’s ...