Abstract: This letter presents a state estimation algorithm for linear discrete-time systems with state-delay. In order to overcome the difficulty that the traditional Kalman filter cannot estimate ...

Credit card issuers first assign the account numbers and then compute steps one through three of the Luhn algorithm to determine the appropriate check digit. In this case, the card number should have ...

You’re at the checkout screen after an online shopping spree, ready to enter your credit card number. You type it in and instantly see a red error message ...

A new report by Capgemini warns that quantum computing may break the widely used public-key cryptographic systems within the next decade — threatening everything from online banking to blockchain ...

The Princeton University Board of Trustees has approved the appointment of 14 faculty members, including one full professor and 13 assistant professors. A. Carla Staver, in ecology and evolutionary ...

The emissions from individual AI text, image, and video queries seem small—until you add up what the industry isn’t tracking and consider where it’s heading next. AI’s integration into our lives is ...

Quantum computing is still in the early stages of development, but it has proven to be an extremely powerful tool for various applications. While most demonstrations of their efficiency are limited to ...

Abstract: Discrete time-variant equation systems represent a typical and complex problem across various disciplines. With the increasing complexity of systems in various fields, traditional methods ...

Adaptive algorithms have immensely advanced, becoming integral for innovation across multiple industries. These intelligent systems adjust content and strategies to improve the experiences of users by ...

The mathematics behind artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) rely on linear algebra, calculus, probability, and statistics. These provide the foundation for developing the needed ...

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the shortcomings of the Sparrow and Eagle Optimization Algorithm (SBOA) in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and susceptibility to local optima. To this ...