Natural selection uses duplicated genes as raw material for functional innovation, co-opting their existing features to new functions. Understanding genetic innovation requires two questions to be ...

One useful feature of the Python math module is quick access to mathematical constants. You can make Python more effective as ...

Abstract: In this paper, we consider a dynamical system whose trajectory is a result of minimizing a multiphase cost function. The multiphase cost function is assumed to be a weighted sum of specified ...

Abstract: A new response surface methodology (RSM) called the squeeze response surface methodology (SRSM) is proposed to gain the approximate symbolic network reliability function (SNRF). The proposed ...