In the world of chemistry, understanding the number of valence electrons in an atom is essential for predicting its behavior and reactivity. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom ...

Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of calculating joint space goal configuration for the mobile manipulator (MM) with redundant degrees of freedom(DOF) when performing grasping tasks. In real ...

You probably learned in high school chemistry class that core electrons don't participate in chemical bonding.

Research suggests some metals’ semicore electrons may be more active on Earth’s surface than previously thought.

Humans have been making metal alloys for thousands of years, and most of us can conjure a rough mental image of the ...

Virtual particles may not be real, but they help physicists track how forces move, and allow for incredibly precise measurements in particle physics.

A team of researchers from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering and the University of Houston’s Cullen College of Engineering has discovered and measured the ...

Are you on track to save enough for retirement? Use our calculator to check your progress, see how much retirement income you'll have and estimate how much more you should save. Many, or all, of the ...

Scientists at Rice University have demonstrated a way to “write” light sources and nanoscale wiring directly onto crystals ...

Discover how Bruker and the University of Manchester joined forces to discover more on the dynamics of complex protein.

Andrew Bloomenthal has 20+ years of editorial experience as a financial journalist and as a financial services marketing writer. David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and an expert in ...