Low-voltage CMOS analog circuit design has emerged as a critical area of research, driven by the dual imperatives of energy efficiency and high-performance signal processing. This discipline focuses ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

CMOS technology has dominated the IC business for the last 25 years and will continue to do so for another 25 years, according to the author of CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. He explains ...

Today’s consumer, communication, and computer electronic devices have clocks, communication interfaces, and high-speed signal-conditioning circuits that operate at radio frequencies (RF). Providing ...

Logical- and physical-synthesis tools have revolutionized digital-ASIC design over the past decade, increasing chip functions and designer productivity. However, many of today's SOC (system-on-chip) ...

Designed a 12 bit CMOS D/A converter employing a segmented hybrid architecture consisting of two thermometer coded current steering segments of 4 bits each & a binary weighted current steering segment ...

The Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit is a key element in Very-large-scale Integration (VLSI) designs, providing a stable reference voltage that is crucial for the performance and reliability of analog ...