Formal methods represent a rigorous suite of mathematical techniques designed to specify, develop and verify system models with a high degree of reliability. In system modelling, these methods provide ...

Fifteen years ago, planning for a new substation upgrade barely considered how distributed energy resources (DERs) might ...

Physical systems and their interactions with embedded digital sub-systems and communication networks are analyzed by representing them in the context of cyber-physical systems (CPS). Related concepts ...

This paper introduces system dynamics (SD), a modeling tool capable of capturing the reciprocal and temporal causal mechanisms that underlie many complex and dynamic systems, and demonstrates its ...

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