The circuit described here is a 12-V dc to 5-V dc (±5%) switched-mode power supply (SMPS). The supply uses a 12-V input from an array of four 3-V dc, 40-mA solar cells connected in series.

Further details of the setup and the results are provided in the study “ Outdoor implied open-circuit voltage imaging of perovskite solar cells using sunlight excitation,” published in Joule.