Comparator Classification Over-zero voltage comparator: a typical amplitude comparison circuit with the circuit diagram and transmission characteristic curve shown in the figure.

Fundamentals of analog filter design and linear circuits are covered in a book and kit of parts that are available on EIM Tech's site after a successful ~$108,000 Kickstarter campaign.

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers (2024). [2] Voltage-controlled oscillator based analog-to-digital converter in 130-nm CMOS for biomedical applications.