A p-value of 0.05 or lower is generally considered statistically significant. P-value can serve as an alternative to—or in addition to—preselected confidence levels for hypothesis testing.

The product of Fisher’s significance test is a p value, and the product of a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test is a decision to accept or reject a hypothesis.

During his Ph.D. research, mathematician Tyron Lardy worked on a new approach to hypothesis testing. Instead of the traditional p-value, he uses so-called e-values. These turn out to be more ...

I would like to respond to a recent letter by Mr. Robert Lem regarding Superintendent Critchfield’s characterization of Idaho’s 2025 ISAT results. Mr. Lem writes: ...

Unfortunately significance testing and hypothesis testing are of limited scientific value – they often ask the wrong question and almost always give the wrong answer.

The chi-squared test, often written as χ2 test, is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of categorical variables to determine whether observed data are different from expectations. In ...

The expected p value (EPV) has been proposed by authors to be used as a measure of the performance of the test. This article proposes the median of the p values (MPV) which is more appropriate for ...

In this article, we explore the theory, assumptions and interpretation of the Fisher’s exact test, used to investigate associations between two categorical, binary variables with small sample sizes, ...