Modern vehicles can contain around 100 Electronic Control Units (ECUs). An ECU is a minicomputer that collects data and determines whether to activate a function based on the information received.

In semi-automated driving (SAE levels 2 and 3), the driver must be ready to take control of the vehicle at any time.

In essence, this control module incorporates the motor systems, braking, charging, regenerative braking, and steering functions into one unified system.