The word 'probability' in ordinary language has two different senses, here called "inductive" and "physical" probability. This paper examines the concept of inductive probability. Attempts to express ...

The concept of probability may feel intuitive today, but for much of human history, that wasn't the case. Jacob Goldstein tells the origin story of probability.

Johannes von Kries's Spielraum-theory is regarded as one of the most important philosophical contributions of the nineteenth century to an objective interpretation of probability.

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...