Many women believe public toilets or tight pants cause UTIs, but that’s a myth. So what really leads to recurrent infections, and how can they be treated without antibiotics?

This article was reviewed by Julia Switzer, MD, FACOG. Urinary incontinence is the term for a loss of bladder control. In ...

Excretion can be defined as the removal of toxic waste products of metabolism from the body. These wastes can be either solid, liquid or in the gaseous state. The liquid wastes are ammonia and urea, ...

Having sex is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially for women. Preventative steps like peeing after sex and drinking lots of water may help. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is ...

Obstructive uropathy is a blockage that prevents urine from flowing naturally through the urinary system. The blockage may cause significant pain, nausea, and difficulty urinating. Several factors can ...

An overarching theme of the immune system in the bladder seems to be balancing the need to respond promptly to microbial challenge with the need to rapidly curtail inflammatory responses, as the ...