Most operational amplifiers (op amps) have input and output electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diodes, as shown in Figure 1. These diodes are designed for protection from ESD damage during ...

A subject rarely found in circuit design textbooks is the matter of nonlinear junction capacitance, especially reverse-bias junction capacitance, also called depletion capacitance. When it is ...

Once an engineer has designed the audio circuit of an amplifier, it would be nice to think that most of their task is complete. However, from a system perspective, that is far from true. At the very ...

Maybe you are familiar with the op-amp as an extremely versatile component, and you know how to quickly construct a huge variety of circuits with one. Maybe you even have a favorite op-amp or two for ...

Branch-circuit conductors must have overcurrent protection in accordance with Sec. 240.4, and the overcurrent protection device rating must not exceed the rating marked on the appliance [Sec. 422.11].

Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

Overcurrent protection of conductors is an idea so simple that it is almost self-evident. Excessive current in a conductor results in rapid temperature rise, which damages insulation and creates ...

A subject rarely found in circuit design textbooks is the matter of nonlinear junction capacitance, especially reverse-bias junction capacitance, also called depletion capacitance. When it is ...