Scattered throughout skeletal muscle, the muscle spindles are composed of connective tissue capsules containing bundles of specialized muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers. Wrapped around the middle ...

A new study investigated how proprioceptive sensory neurons (pSNs), the cells underlying the “sixth sense”, function. Can you name all your senses? Touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing. What about ...

Understanding proprioception can help to interpret how correct movement requires well-organized, accurate signals from the muscles firing to the brain. These pointers can be easily manipulated simply ...

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 154, No. 956 (Jul. 25, 1961), pp. 377-397 (21 pages) A tandem spindle is defined as one in which several encapsulated ...

For athletes across all sports, few experiences are as agonizing as being forced to leave competition with a sudden muscle cramp. These painful, uncontrolled spasms—formally known as ...

There are numerous approaches around preventative interventions in ergonomics and manual handling, however the importance and specifics of movement awareness, and education around this, are often ...