The process of beer-brewing has traditionally been considered an art form. Since the entire beer market reached a valuation of $116.0 billion in 2019, there has been an increase in the demand for ...

Biological and analytical advances enable modern fermentation processes to deliver safe and effective next-generation medicines. The pharmaceutical industry is no stranger to fermentation. Synthetic ...

The US FDA’s Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides a structure for “Quality by Design” (QbD) deployment. As part this initiative, knowledge of industrial processes is gained using ...

In the selection of specialty coffees, those that score above 80 points in blind tests are free of physical and sensory defects. Greenish-colored beans are known to give the drink an astringent taste, ...

Creation and qualification of scale-down models are essential for performing several critical activities that support process validation and commercial manufacturing. As shown in Figure 1, these ...

Fermentation is one of the oldest biotechnologies, yet it’s now driving some of the most cutting-edge innovations in health, nutrition, and sustainability. From therapeutic enzymes and precision ...