In economics, the utility function measures the welfare or satisfaction of a consumer as a function of the consumption of real goods, such as food or clothing. Utility function is widely used in ...

Certainty equivalence (CE) and probability equivalence (PE) methods are the two most frequently used procedures for constructing von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions. In this paper, we compare ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In spite of the thousands of articles on stakeholder theory, research on value creation has had a shorter history and narrower breadth. Only a ...