Everyone knows that arithmetic is true: 2 + 2 = 4. But surprisingly, we don’t know why it’s true. By stepping outside the box of our usual way of thinking about numbers, my colleagues and I have ...

Figure 2: Five-year-old children’s performance on approximate addition, subtraction and comparison problems. What processes underlie children’s symbolic approximate arithmetic? We first considered ...

A key part—though surely not the only part—of early-grades math is ensuring students get the basic arithmetic functions down and, beyond that, making sure they’re able to swiftly and automatically ...

Randolph Grace receives funding from the Marsden Fund, administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand. University of Canterbury provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU. University of ...